Major literary works serve as an introduction to the century sometimes called the Age of Ideology and the Age of the Machine. Works of literature are presented in the context of the major cultural movements of the nineteenth century, such as Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Symbolism. Students read Tolstoy’s War and Peace, Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, Dostoevsky’s The Idiot, Stendhal’s Red and Black, Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons, and plays of Anton Chekhov. (Group III Humanities/Literature)