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A comprehensive lecture survey of the history and literature of ancient Rome from the legends of the founding through the battle of Actium in 31 B.C. Chronological study of the Roman regal and republican periods, with special attention to the personalities and conflicts of the first century B.C. and the fall of the Republic. Authors read may include selections from Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita; assorted lives of Plutarch; Caesar’s (and Lucan’s) Bellum Civile; selections from the works of Cicero (especially the Second Philippic); the poetry of Lucretius and Catullus; Sallust’s Bellum Iugurthinum; Virgil’s Eclogues and Georgics; Horace’s lyric poetry; Propertius’ and Tibullus’ elegiacs; a comedy or two of Terence; and the remains of archaic Latin (especially Ennius and Naevius).