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The birds and the bees: a comparative look at reproductive physiology, ecology, and behavior across the animal kingdom. Because the ability to reproduce is a defining characteristic of life, reproduction is of central importance in the study of biology. Here, we survey animal reproduction with an evolutionist’s eye: Why do females choose while males display? Why is the dragonfly’s penis covered in spines? Why do most animals have two sexes rather than three, ten, or none at all? What is sex, anyway? In suggesting possible answers to these questions, we’ll explore the meaning, importance, and fantastic variety of reproduction.